小兔网

本节引言:

上一节的概念课枯燥无味是吧,不过总有点收获是吧,本节开始我们来研究基于TCP协议的Socket通信,先来了解下Socket的概念,以及Socket通信的模型,实现Socket的步骤,以及作为Socket服务端与客户端的两位各做要做什么事情!好的,我们由浅入深来扣这个Socket吧!


1.什么是Socket?

2021071304481314696270


2.Socket通信模型:

2021071304481410583341

Socket通信实现步骤解析

Step 1:创建ServerSocket和Socket

Step 2:打开连接到的Socket的输入/输出流

Step 3:按照协议对Socket进行读/写操作

Step 4:关闭输入输出流,以及Socket

好的,我们接下来写一个简单的例子,开启服务端后,客户端点击按钮然后链接服务端,并向服务端发送一串字符串,表示通过Socket链接上服务器~


3.Socket服务端的编写:

服务端要做的事有这些

Step 1:创建ServerSocket对象,绑定监听的端口

Step 2:调用accept()方法监听客户端的请求

Step 3:连接建立后,通过输入流读取客户端发送的请求信息

Step 4:通过输出流向客户端发送响应信息

Step 5:关闭相关资源

代码实现

直接在Eclipse下创建一个Java项目,然后把Java代码贴进去即可!

public class SocketServer {    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {        //1.创建一个服务器端Socket,即ServerSocket,指定绑定的端口,并监听此端口        ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(12345);        InetAddress address = InetAddress.getLocalHost();        String ip = address.getHostAddress();        Socket socket = null;        //2.调用accept()等待客户端连接        System.out.println("~~~服务端已就绪,等待客户端接入~,服务端ip地址: " + ip);        socket = serverSocket.accept();        //3.连接后获取输入流,读取客户端信息        InputStream is=null;        InputStreamReader isr=null;        BufferedReader br=null;        OutputStream os=null;        PrintWriter pw=null;        is = socket.getInputStream();     //获取输入流        isr = new InputStreamReader(is,"UTF-8");        br = new BufferedReader(isr);        String info = null;        while((info=br.readLine())!=null){//循环读取客户端的信息            System.out.println("客户端发送过来的信息" + info);        }        socket.shutdownInput();//关闭输入流        socket.close();    }}

然后我们把代码run起来,控制台会打印:

2021071304481511992062

好的,接下来到Android客户端了!


4.Socket客户端的编写:

客户端要做的事有这些

Step 1:创建Socket对象,指明需要链接的服务器的地址和端号

Step 2:链接建立后,通过输出流向服务器发送请求信息

Step 3:通过输出流获取服务器响应的信息

Step 4:关闭相关资源

代码实现

MainActivity.java

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements View.OnClickListener {    @Override    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);        Button btn_accept = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_accept);        btn_accept.setOnClickListener(this);    }    @Override    public void onClick(View v) {        new Thread() {            @Override            public void run() {                try {                    acceptServer();                } catch (IOException e) {                    e.printStackTrace();                }            }        }.start();    }    private void acceptServer() throws IOException {        //1.创建客户端Socket,指定服务器地址和端口        Socket socket = new Socket("172.16.2.54", 12345);        //2.获取输出流,向服务器端发送信息        OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();//字节输出流        PrintWriter pw = new PrintWriter(os);//将输出流包装为打印流        //获取客户端的IP地址        InetAddress address = InetAddress.getLocalHost();        String ip = address.getHostAddress();        pw.write("客户端:~" + ip + "~ 接入服务器!!");        pw.flush();        socket.shutdownOutput();//关闭输出流        socket.close();    }}

因为Android不允许在主线程(UI线程)中做网络操作,所以这里需要我们自己另开一个线程来连接Socket!

运行结果:

点击按钮后,服务端控制台打印:

2021071304481611006533

5.增强版案例:小猪简易聊天室

只是点击个按钮,然后服务器返回一串信息,肯定是很无趣的是吧,接下来我们来搭建一个超简单的聊天室,我们需要用到线程池,存储Socket链接的集合,我们还需要字节写一个线程,具体的我们在代码中来体会!

实现的效果图:

先把我们的服务端跑起来:

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接着把我们的程序分别跑到两台模拟器上:

2021071304481719977365

接下来我们来写代码:

首先是服务端,就是将读写socket的操作放到自定义线程当中,创建ServerSocket后,循环调用accept方法,当有新客户端接入,将socket加入集合当中,同时在线程池新建一个线程!

另外,在读取信息的方法中,对输入字符串进行判断,如果为bye字符串,将socket从集合中移除,然后close掉!

Server.java:

public class Server {    //定义相关的参数,端口,存储Socket连接的集合,ServerSocket对象    //以及线程池    private static final int PORT = 12345;    private List<Socket> mList = new ArrayList<Socket>();    private ServerSocket server = null;    private ExecutorService myExecutorService = null;            public static void main(String[] args) {        new Server();    }    public Server()    {        try        {            server = new ServerSocket(PORT);            //创建线程池            myExecutorService = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();            System.out.println("服务端运行中...\n");            Socket client = null;            while(true)            {                client = server.accept();                mList.add(client);                myExecutorService.execute(new Service(client));            }                    }catch(Exception e){e.printStackTrace();}    }        class Service implements Runnable    {        private Socket socket;        private BufferedReader in = null;        private String msg = "";                public Service(Socket socket) {            this.socket = socket;            try            {                in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream()));                 msg = "用户:" +this.socket.getInetAddress() + "~加入了聊天室"                              +"当前在线人数:" +mList.size();                  this.sendmsg();            }catch(IOException e){e.printStackTrace();}        }                                @Override        public void run() {            try{                while(true)                {                    if((msg = in.readLine()) != null)                    {                        if(msg.equals("bye"))                        {                            System.out.println("~~~~~~~~~~~~~");                            mList.remove(socket);                            in.close();                            msg = "用户:" + socket.getInetAddress()                                      + "退出:" +"当前在线人数:"+mList.size();                              socket.close();                              this.sendmsg();                              break;                        }else{                            msg = socket.getInetAddress() + "   说: " + msg;                              this.sendmsg();                         }                    }                }            }catch(Exception e){e.printStackTrace();}        }                //为连接上服务端的每个客户端发送信息        public void sendmsg()        {            System.out.println(msg);            int num = mList.size();            for(int index = 0;index < num;index++)            {                Socket mSocket = mList.get(index);                  PrintWriter pout = null;                  try {                      pout = new PrintWriter(new BufferedWriter(                              new OutputStreamWriter(mSocket.getOutputStream(),"UTF-8")),true);                      pout.println(msg);                  }catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();}              }        }            }}

接着到客户端,客户端的难点在于要另外开辟线程的问题,因为Android不允许直接在主线程中做网络操作,而且不允许在主线程外的线程操作UI,这里的做法是自己新建一个线程,以及通过Hanlder来更新UI,实际开发不建议直接这样做!!!

布局文件:activity_main.xml

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"    android:layout_width="match_parent"    android:layout_height="match_parent"    android:orientation="vertical" >    <TextView        android:layout_width="wrap_content"        android:layout_height="wrap_content"        android:text="小猪简易聊天室" />    <TextView        android:id="@+id/txtshow"        android:layout_width="match_parent"        android:layout_height="wrap_content"        />    <EditText        android:id="@+id/editsend"        android:layout_width="match_parent"        android:layout_height="wrap_content"        />    <Button        android:id="@+id/btnsend"        android:layout_width="match_parent"        android:layout_height="wrap_content"        android:text="发送"        /></LinearLayout>

MainActivity.java:

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements Runnable {    //定义相关变量,完成初始化    private TextView txtshow;    private EditText editsend;    private Button btnsend;    private static final String HOST = "172.16.2.54";    private static final int PORT = 12345;    private Socket socket = null;    private BufferedReader in = null;    private PrintWriter out = null;    private String content = "";    private StringBuilder sb = null;    //定义一个handler对象,用来刷新界面    public Handler handler = new Handler() {        public void handleMessage(Message msg) {            if (msg.what == 0x123) {                sb.append(content);                txtshow.setText(sb.toString());            }        }        ;    };    @Override    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);        sb = new StringBuilder();        txtshow = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.txtshow);        editsend = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.editsend);        btnsend = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btnsend);        //当程序一开始运行的时候就实例化Socket对象,与服务端进行连接,获取输入输出流        //因为4.0以后不能再主线程中进行网络操作,所以需要另外开辟一个线程        new Thread() {            public void run() {                try {                    socket = new Socket(HOST, PORT);                    in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream(), "UTF-8"));                    out = new PrintWriter(new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(                            socket.getOutputStream())), true);                } catch (IOException e) {                    e.printStackTrace();                }            }        }.start();        //为发送按钮设置点击事件        btnsend.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {            @Override            public void onClick(View v) {                String msg = editsend.getText().toString();                if (socket.isConnected()) {                    if (!socket.isOutputShutdown()) {                        out.println(msg);                    }                }            }        });        new Thread(MainActivity.this).start();    }    //重写run方法,在该方法中输入流的读取    @Override    public void run() {        try {            while (true) {                if (socket.isConnected()) {                    if (!socket.isInputShutdown()) {                        if ((content = in.readLine()) != null) {                            content += "\n";                            handler.sendEmptyMessage(0x123);                        }                    }                }            }        } catch (Exception e) {            e.printStackTrace();        }    }}

本节小结:

好的,本节给大家讲解了基于TCP的Socket通信,文中介绍了Socket通信的模型,实现了一个简单的Socket通信例子,以及写了一个增强版的实例:小猪聊天室,相信会对刚涉及Socket编程的你带来便利~,谢谢~