Linux ip 命令与 ifconfig 命令类似,但比 ifconfig 命令更加强大,主要功能是用于显示或设置网络设备。
ip 命令是 Linux 加强版的的网络配置工具,用于代替 ifconfig 命令。
语法
ip [ OPTIONS ] OBJECT { COMMAND | help }
OBJECT 为常用对象,值可以是以下几种:
OBJECT={ link | addr | addrlabel | route | rule | neigh | ntable | tunnel | maddr | mroute | mrule | monitor | xfrm | token }
常用对象的取值含义如下:
- link:网络设备
- address:设备上的协议(IP或IPv6)地址
- addrlabel:协议地址选择的标签配置
- route:路由表条目
- rule:路由策略数据库中的规则
OPTIONS 为常用选项,值可以是以下几种:
OPTIONS={ -V[ersion] | -s[tatistics] | -d[etails] | -r[esolve] | -h[uman-readable] | -iec | -f[amily] { inet | inet6 | ipx | dnet | link } | -o[neline] | -t[imestamp] | -b[atch] [filename] | -rc[vbuf] [size] }
常用选项的取值含义如下:
- -V:显示命令的版本信息;
- -s:输出更详细的信息;
- -f:强制使用指定的协议族;
- -4:指定使用的网络层协议是IPv4协议;
- -6:指定使用的网络层协议是IPv6协议;
- -0:输出信息每条记录输出一行,即使内容较多也不换行显示;
- -r:显示主机时,不使用IP地址,而使用主机的域名。
help 为该命令的帮助信息。
实例
ip link show # 显示网络接口信息ip link set eth0 up # 开启网卡ip link set eth0 down # 关闭网卡ip link set eth0 promisc on # 开启网卡的混合模式ip link set eth0 promisc offi # 关闭网卡的混个模式ip link set eth0 txqueuelen 1200 # 设置网卡队列长度ip link set eth0 mtu 1400 # 设置网卡最大传输单元ip addr show # 显示网卡IP信息ip addr add 192.168.0.1/24 dev eth0 # 设置eth0网卡IP地址192.168.0.1ip addr del 192.168.0.1/24 dev eth0 # 删除eth0网卡IP地址ip route show # 显示系统路由ip route add default via 192.168.1.254 # 设置系统默认路由ip route list # 查看路由信息ip route add 192.168.4.0/24 via 192.168.0.254 dev eth0 # 设置192.168.4.0网段的网关为192.168.0.254,数据走eth0接口ip route add default via 192.168.0.254 dev eth0 # 设置默认网关为192.168.0.254ip route del 192.168.4.0/24 # 删除192.168.4.0网段的网关ip route del default # 删除默认路由ip route delete 192.168.1.0/24 dev eth0 # 删除路由
用 ip 命令显示网络设备的运行状态:
[root@localhost ~]# ip link list1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:002: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast qlen 1000 link/ether 00:16:3e:00:1e:51 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff3: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast qlen 1000 link/ether 00:16:3e:00:1e:52 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
显示更加详细的设备信息:
[root@localhost ~]# ip -s link list1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 RX: bytes packets errors dropped overrun mcast 5082831 56145 0 0 0 0 TX: bytes packets errors dropped carrier collsns 5082831 56145 0 0 0 0 2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast qlen 1000 link/ether 00:16:3e:00:1e:51 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff RX: bytes packets errors dropped overrun mcast 3641655380 62027099 0 0 0 0 TX: bytes packets errors dropped carrier collsns 6155236 89160 0 0 0 0 3: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast qlen 1000 link/ether 00:16:3e:00:1e:52 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff RX: bytes packets errors dropped overrun mcast 2562136822 488237847 0 0 0 0 TX: bytes packets errors dropped carrier collsns 3486617396 9691081 0 0 0 0
显示核心路由表:
[root@localhost ~]# ip route list 112.124.12.0/22 dev eth1 proto kernel scope link src 112.124.15.13010.160.0.0/20 dev eth0 proto kernel scope link src 10.160.7.81192.168.0.0/16 via 10.160.15.247 dev eth0172.16.0.0/12 via 10.160.15.247 dev eth010.0.0.0/8 via 10.160.15.247 dev eth0default via 112.124.15.247 dev eth1
显示邻居表:
[root@localhost ~]# ip neigh list112.124.15.247 dev eth1 lladdr 00:00:0c:9f:f3:88 REACHABLE10.160.15.247 dev eth0 lladdr 00:00:0c:9f:f2:c0 STALE
获取主机所有网络接口:
ip link | grep -E '^[0-9]' | awk -F: '{print $2}'