小兔网

本教程假定您已经了解了 JDBC 应用程序的工作方式。在您开始学习 Servlet 数据库访问之前,请访问 Java MySQL 连接 来设置相关驱动及配置。

注意:

你可以下载本站提供的 jar 包:mysql-connector-java-5.1.39-bin.jar

在 java 项目中,只需要在 Eclipse 中引入 mysql-connector-java-5.1.39-bin.jar 就可以运行java项目。

但是在 Eclipse web 项目中,当执行 Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");时 不会去查找驱动的。所以本实例中我们需要把 mysql-connector-java-5.1.39-bin.jar 拷贝到 tomcat 下 lib 目录。

从基本概念下手,让我们来创建一个简单的表,并在表中创建几条记录。

创建测试数据

接下来我们在 MySQL 中创建 RUNOOB 数据库,并创建 websites 数据表,表结构如下:

CREATE TABLE `websites` (  `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,  `name` char(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT '' COMMENT '站点名称',  `url` varchar(255) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',  `alexa` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0' COMMENT 'Alexa 排名',  `country` char(10) NOT NULL DEFAULT '' COMMENT '国家',  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=10 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

插入一些数据:

INSERT INTO `websites` VALUES ('1', 'Google', 'https://www.google.cm/', '1', 'USA'), ('2', '淘宝', 'https://www.taobao.com/', '13', 'CN'), ('3', '', 'http://www.runoob.com', '5892', ''), ('4', '微博', 'http://weibo.com/', '20', 'CN'), ('5', 'Facebook', 'https://www.facebook.com/', '3', 'USA');

数据表显示如下:

Servlet 数据库访问

访问数据库

下面的实例演示了如何使用 Servlet 访问 RUNOOB 数据库。

package com.runoob.test;import java.io.IOException;import java.io.PrintWriter;import java.sql.*;import javax.servlet.ServletException;import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;/** * Servlet implementation class DatabaseAccess */@WebServlet("/DatabaseAccess")public class DatabaseAccess extends HttpServlet {    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;    // JDBC 驱动名及数据库 URL    static final String JDBC_DRIVER = "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver";      static final String DB_URL = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/RUNOOB";        // 数据库的用户名与密码,需要根据自己的设置    static final String USER = "root";    static final String PASS = "123456";     /**     * @see HttpServlet#HttpServlet()     */    public DatabaseAccess() {        super();        // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub    }    /**     * @see HttpServlet#doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)     */    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {        Connection conn = null;        Statement stmt = null;        // 设置响应内容类型        response.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");        PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();        String title = "Servlet Mysql 测试 - ";        String docType = "<!DOCTYPE html>\n";        out.println(docType +        "<html>\n" +        "<head><title>" + title + "</title></head>\n" +        "<body bgcolor=\"#f0f0f0\">\n" +        "<h1 align=\"center\">" + title + "</h1>\n");        try{            // 注册 JDBC 驱动器            Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");                        // 打开一个连接            conn = DriverManager.getConnection(DB_URL,USER,PASS);            // 执行 SQL 查询            stmt = conn.createStatement();            String sql;            sql = "SELECT id, name, url FROM websites";            ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery(sql);            // 展开结果集数据库            while(rs.next()){                // 通过字段检索                int id  = rs.getInt("id");                String name = rs.getString("name");                String url = rs.getString("url");                    // 输出数据                out.println("ID: " + id);                out.println(", 站点名称: " + name);                out.println(", 站点 URL: " + url);                out.println("<br />");            }            out.println("</body></html>");            // 完成后关闭            rs.close();            stmt.close();            conn.close();        } catch(SQLException se) {            // 处理 JDBC 错误            se.printStackTrace();        } catch(Exception e) {            // 处理 Class.forName 错误            e.printStackTrace();        }finally{            // 最后是用于关闭资源的块            try{                if(stmt!=null)                stmt.close();            }catch(SQLException se2){            }            try{                if(conn!=null)                conn.close();            }catch(SQLException se){                se.printStackTrace();            }        }           }    /**     * @see HttpServlet#doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)     */    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {        // TODO Auto-generated method stub        doGet(request, response);    }}

现在让我们来编译上面的 Servlet,并在 web.xml 文件中创建以下条目:

....    <servlet>        <servlet-name>DatabaseAccess</servlet-name>        <servlet-class>com.runoob.test.DatabaseAccess</servlet-class>    </servlet>    <servlet-mapping>        <servlet-name>DatabaseAccess</servlet-name>        <url-pattern>/TomcatTest/DatabaseAccess</url-pattern>    </servlet-mapping>....

现在调用这个 Servlet,输入链接:http://localhost:8080/TomcatTest/DatabaseAccess,将显示以下响应结果:

Servlet 数据库访问