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HAVING 子句

在 SQL 中增加 HAVING 子句原因是,WHERE 关键字无法与聚合函数一起使用。

HAVING 子句可以让我们筛选分组后的各组数据。

SQL HAVING 语法

SQL HAVING 语法

SELECT column_name, aggregate_function(column_name)FROM table_nameWHERE column_name operator valueGROUP BY column_nameHAVING aggregate_function(column_name) operator value;

演示数据库

在本教程中,我们将使用 RUNOOB 样本数据库。

下面是选自 "Websites" 表的数据:

+----+--------------+---------------------------+-------+---------+| id | name         | url                       | alexa | country |+----+--------------+---------------------------+-------+---------+| 1  | Google       | https://www.google.cm/    | 1     | USA     || 2  | 淘宝          | https://www.taobao.com/   | 13    | CN      || 3       | http://www.runoob.com/    | 4689  | CN      || 4  | 微博          | http://weibo.com/         | 20    | CN      || 5  | Facebook     | https://www.facebook.com/ | 3     | USA     || 7  | stackoverflow | http://stackoverflow.com/ |   0 | IND     |+----+---------------+---------------------------+-------+---------+

下面是 "access_log" 网站访问记录表的数据:

mysql> SELECT * FROM access_log;+-----+---------+-------+------------+| aid | site_id | count | date       |+-----+---------+-------+------------+|   1 |       1 |    45 | 2016-05-10 ||   2 |       3 |   100 | 2016-05-13 ||   3 |       1 |   230 | 2016-05-14 ||   4 |       2 |    10 | 2016-05-14 ||   5 |       5 |   205 | 2016-05-14 ||   6 |       4 |    13 | 2016-05-15 ||   7 |       3 |   220 | 2016-05-15 ||   8 |       5 |   545 | 2016-05-16 ||   9 |       3 |   201 | 2016-05-17 |+-----+---------+-------+------------+9 rows in set (0.00 sec)

SQL HAVING 实例

现在我们想要查找总访问量大于 200 的网站。

我们使用下面的 SQL 语句:

实例

SELECT Websites.name, Websites.url, SUM(access_log.count) AS nums FROM (access_logINNER JOIN WebsitesON access_log.site_id=Websites.id)GROUP BY Websites.nameHAVING SUM(access_log.count) > 200;

执行以上 SQL 输出结果如下:

202106110317201305820

现在我们想要查找总访问量大于 200 的网站,并且 alexa 排名小于 200。

我们在 SQL 语句中增加一个普通的 WHERE 子句:

实例

SELECT Websites.name, SUM(access_log.count) AS nums FROM WebsitesINNER JOIN access_logON Websites.id=access_log.site_idWHERE Websites.alexa < 200 GROUP BY Websites.nameHAVING SUM(access_log.count) > 200;

执行以上 SQL 输出结果如下:

202106110317201309301